Punk rock is an anti-establishment rock music genre and movement that emerged in the mid-1970s. Preceded by a variety of protopunk music of the 1960s and early 1970s, punk rock developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, where groups such as the Ramones and Sex Pistols were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement.

Two musicians receive credit for the creation of the gothic subculture and movement they are: Peter Murphy (formerly of Bauhaus) and Siouxsie Sioux (formerly of Siouxsie and the Banshees.) They both released their singles and fashion statements in the late 1970’s. Sioux is credited for the creation of the term "gothic" when she mentioned it was the new direction the band was taking.

Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of experimental music, especially but not necessarily electronic music. The term was first used in the mid-1970s to describe the then-unique sound of Industrial Records artists.